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Ascaris lumbricoides
''Ascaris lumbricoides'' is the giant roundworm of humans, growing to a length of up to . It is one of several species of Ascaris. An ascarid nematode of the phylum Nematoda, it is the largest and most common parasitic worm in humans. This organism is responsible for the disease ascariasis, a type of helminthiasis and one of the group of neglected tropical diseases. An estimated one-sixth of the human population is infected by ''A. lumbricoides'' or another roundworm. Ascariasis is prevalent worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries.
== Lifecycle ==
''A. lumbricoides'', a roundworm, infects humans when an ingested fertilised egg becomes a larval worm that penetrates the wall of the duodenum and enters the blood stream. From there, it is carried to the liver and heart, and enters pulmonary circulation to break free in the alveoli, where it grows and molts. In three weeks, the larva passes from the respiratory system to be coughed up, swallowed, and thus returned to the small intestine, where it matures to an adult male or female worm. Fertilization can now occur and the female produces as many as 200,000 eggs per day for a year. These fertilized eggs become infectious after two weeks in soil; they can persist in soil for 10 years or more.〔Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S.; Pfaller, Michael A. ''Medical Microbiology'', Fifth Edition. United States: Elsevier Mosby, 2005〕
The eggs have a lipid layer which makes them resistant to the effects of acids and alkalis, as well as other chemicals. This resilience helps to explain why this nematode is such a ubiquitous parasite.〔Piper R (2007). ''Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals'', Greenwood Press.〕
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